Pellervo Confederation of Finnish Cooperatives (Pellervo)

Materials compiled from Sino-foreign exchange visits indicate that Finland's cooperative system has high market penetration: the materials note that the country has more than 4,300 cooperatives and over 4 million members, with more than 80% of adults belonging to at least one cooperative and more than 75% of households belonging to a consumer cooperative. Cooperatives hold an important position in the food supply chain, with high market shares in dairy, meat and general merchandise, and considerable influence in finance and insurance, timber processing, agricultural machinery and livestock breeding. The materials also note that Finnish agricultural cooperatives play a leading role in shaping agricultural product standards, helping to strengthen consumer confidence in domestically produced goods.

Note: this section is compiled mainly from materials gathered during exchange visits between Chinese and international cooperative organisations, and does not represent an official position. Because it draws on first-hand exchanges and observed institutional practice, it is offered as contextual reference material.