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Tribunal","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_25"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_49"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_74"},{"tag_type":"legal_issue","tag_value":"breach"},{"tag_type":"commodity","tag_value":"general_goods"}],"is_demo_sample":true,"preview":"买方收到设备后经检验发现核心部件规格与合同严重不符，无法在合理时间内通过修理达到合同目的。"},{"case_id":"NT-CISG-DEMO-003","title":"要约明确性：数量与价格待定","year":"2014","country":"France","court":"Demo Cour d'appel","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_14"},{"tag_type":"legal_issue","tag_value":"contract_formation"},{"tag_type":"commodity","tag_value":"grain"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_53"}],"is_demo_sample":true,"preview":"卖方传真称愿供应‘大约 500 吨’某等级小麦，价格‘按装船月交易所报价另议’。买方主张合同已成立。"},{"case_id":"NT-CISG-DEMO-004","title":"沉默不构成承诺","year":"2012","country":"Italy","court":"Demo 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工厂交货与出口清关","year":"2018","country":"Belgium","court":"Demo Court","tags":[{"tag_type":"incoterm","tag_value":"FCA"},{"tag_type":"legal_issue","tag_value":"risk_transfer"},{"tag_type":"commodity","tag_value":"general_goods"}],"is_demo_sample":true,"preview":"FCA named place 为卖方工厂，买方指定承运人车辆迟到导致装货跨日，风险与费用争议。"},{"case_id":"NT-CISG-DEMO-010","title":"部分交付与合同可分性","year":"2013","country":"Spain","court":"Demo Audiencia","tags":[{"tag_type":"legal_issue","tag_value":"breach"},{"tag_type":"commodity","tag_value":"grain"}],"is_demo_sample":true,"preview":"分批装运谷物，其中一批严重霉变，其余批次符合合同。"},{"case_id":"NT-CISG-DEMO-011","title":"格式条款与 CISG 优先","year":"2016","country":"Sweden","court":"Demo Hovrätt","tags":[{"tag_type":"legal_issue","tag_value":"contract_formation"}],"is_demo_sample":true,"preview":"一方背面条款试图排除 CISG，主合同未明确选择国内法。"},{"case_id":"NT-CISG-DEMO-012","title":"第三方付款与价格义务","year":"2019","country":"Singapore","court":"Demo 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abstract","tags":[{"tag_type":"legal_issue","tag_value":"breach"},{"tag_type":"commodity","tag_value":"general_goods"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_53"}],"is_demo_sample":true,"preview":"货物轻微不符，买方使用货物后主张按比例减价。"},{"case_id":"NT-CISG-DEMO-016","title":"卖方知识产权担保（第 42 条）","year":"2018","country":"Denmark","court":"Demo Maritime","tags":[{"tag_type":"legal_issue","tag_value":"breach"},{"tag_type":"commodity","tag_value":"general_goods"}],"is_demo_sample":true,"preview":"设备在买方国被指侵犯第三方专利，卖方已知当地专利存在。"},{"case_id":"NT-CISG-DEMO-017","title":"合同并入仲裁条款的成立","year":"2017","country":"France","court":"Demo CA Paris abstract","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_18"},{"tag_type":"legal_issue","tag_value":"contract_formation"}],"is_demo_sample":true,"preview":"订单引用了一般条件含仲裁条款，对方未明确反对即开始履行。"},{"case_id":"NT-CISG-DEMO-018","title":"大豆转基因标识与不符","year":"2020","country":"Netherlands","court":"Demo Trade chamber","tags":[{"tag_type":"commodity","tag_value":"grain"},{"tag_type":"legal_issue","tag_value":"breach"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_25"}],"is_demo_sample":true,"preview":"合同约定非转基因，检测结果混有微量转基因成分，是否根本违约。"},{"case_id":"NT-CISG-DEMO-019","title":"路货买卖风险（第 68 条）","year":"2015","country":"Switzerland","court":"Demo SCA","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_68"},{"tag_type":"legal_issue","tag_value":"risk_transfer"},{"tag_type":"commodity","tag_value":"grain"}],"is_demo_sample":true,"preview":"运输途中转卖大豆，损毁灭失责任在谁。"},{"case_id":"NT-CISG-DEMO-020","title":"信用证止付与卖方交单义务并行","year":"2023","country":"Singapore","court":"Demo illustrative","tags":[{"tag_type":"legal_issue","tag_value":"payment"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_53"}],"is_demo_sample":true,"preview":"买方申请禁令止付信用证，卖方在买卖合同项下主张价款。"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1963_110321","title":"CLOUT case 1963 — Judicial Chamber on Economic Disputes of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation","year":"2021","country":"Russian Federation","court":"Judicial Chamber on Economic Disputes of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_3"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_7_2"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 213\nCountry: Russian Federation\nCourt: Judicial Chamber on Economic Disputes of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation\nCourt reference: 308-ЭС20-18927\nDecision date: 11/03/…"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1962_020821","title":"CLOUT case 1962 — U.S. [Federal] District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania","year":"2021","country":"United States of America","court":"U.S. [Federal] District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_45_1_b"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_74"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 213\nCountry: United States of America\nCourt: U.S. [Federal] District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania\nCourt reference: No. 1:20-cv-01764\nParties: Minh Dung Aluminum…"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1961_040121","title":"CLOUT case 1961 — Bundesgericht/Tribunal fédéral (Federal Supreme Court)","year":"2021","country":"Switzerland","court":"Bundesgericht/Tribunal fédéral (Federal Supreme Court)","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_39"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_50"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 213\nCountry: Switzerland\nCourt: Bundesgericht/Tribunal fédéral (Federal Supreme Court)\nCourt reference: No. 4A 493/2020\nDecision date: 04/01/2021"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1960_030220","title":"CLOUT case 1960 — Tribunale d’appello Ticino (Court of Appeal of the Canton Ticino)","year":"2020","country":"Switzerland","court":"Tribunale d’appello Ticino (Court of Appeal of the Canton Ticino)","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_8"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_9"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_53"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_54"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 213\nCountry: Switzerland\nCourt: Tribunale d’appello Ticino (Court of Appeal of the Canton Ticino)\nCourt reference: No. 12.2018.110\nDecision date: 03/02/2020"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1959_061112","title":"CLOUT case 1959 — Kreisgericht Rheintal (Court of First Instance Rheintal)","year":"2012","country":"Switzerland","court":"Kreisgericht Rheintal (Court of First Instance Rheintal)","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_8_2"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_58_1"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_74"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 213\nCountry: Switzerland\nCourt: Kreisgericht Rheintal (Court of First Instance Rheintal)\nCourt reference: No. OV.2011.4-RH3ZK-REU\nDecision date: 06/11/2012"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1958_060219","title":"CLOUT case 1958 — Høyesterett","year":"2019","country":"Norway","court":"Høyesterett","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_7_1"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_71_2"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_71_3"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 213\nCountry: Norway\nCourt: Høyesterett\nCourt reference: HR-2019-231-A\nParties: Genfoot Inc. v. SCHENKERocean Ltd.\nDecision date: 06/02/2019"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1957_260121","title":"CLOUT case 1957 — Corte Suprema di Cassazione, sezione seconda civile","year":"2021","country":"Italy","court":"Corte Suprema di Cassazione, sezione seconda civile","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_7_1"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_39"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 213\nCountry: Italy\nCourt: Corte Suprema di Cassazione, sezione seconda civile\nCourt reference: No. 1605/2021, ECLI:IT:CASS:2021:1605CIV\nParties: Decopress Printing GmbH v. DEA S…"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1956_031117","title":"CLOUT case 1956 — Monomeles Protodikeio Thessalonikis","year":"2017","country":"Greece","court":"Monomeles Protodikeio Thessalonikis","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_1_1"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_4"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_30"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_53"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_57_1_a"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_59"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_78"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 213\nCountry: Greece\nCourt: Monomeles Protodikeio Thessalonikis\nCourt reference: Case No. 17162/2017\nDecision date: 03/11/2017"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1955_030221","title":"CLOUT case 1955 — Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber","year":"2021","country":"France","court":"Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_39"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 213\nCountry: France\nCourt: Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber\nCourt reference: Appeal No. 19-13.260 (P)\nParties: Bois et matériaux v. Ceramiche\nDecision date: 03/02/2021"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1954_170620","title":"CLOUT case 1954 — Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber","year":"2020","country":"France","court":"Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_39_2"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 213\nCountry: France\nCourt: Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber\nCourt reference: No. 19-13260, Appeal No. 18-22216\nParties: Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH v. Allianz IARD\nD…"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1907_170619","title":"CLOUT case 1907 — Tribunale di Trieste, Sezione Civile","year":"2019","country":"Italy","court":"Tribunale di Trieste, Sezione Civile","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_1"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_7"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_35"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_79"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 208\nCountry: Italy\nCourt: Tribunale di Trieste, Sezione Civile\nCourt reference: Case No. R.G. 2640/2016\nParties: Alak Art Ipar Es Kepzomuveszeti Korlaton Felelossegu Tarsasag v.…"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1906_311208","title":"CLOUT case 1906 — Efeteio Peiraios","year":"2008","country":"Greece","court":"Efeteio Peiraios","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_2_e"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 208\nCountry: Greece\nCourt: Efeteio Peiraios\nCourt reference: Case No. 520/2008\nParties: X v. Y\nDecision date: 31/12/2008"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1905_180418","title":"CLOUT case 1905 — Nejvyšší soud České republiky","year":"2018","country":"Czech Republic","court":"Nejvyšší soud České republiky","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_1"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_76"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 208\nCountry: Czech Republic\nCourt: Nejvyšší soud České republiky\nCourt reference: Case No. 32 Cdo 2978/2016; ECLI:CZ:NS:2018:32.CDO.2978.2016.1\nParties: Solarpower GmbH v. Servi…"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1675_040308","title":"CLOUT case 1675 — High Commercial Court","year":"2008","country":"Croatia","court":"High Commercial Court","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_1_1"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_7_2"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_23"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_53"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_78"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 181\nCountry: Croatia\nCourt: High Commercial Court\nCourt reference: Pz-1988/05-3\nParties: EURAMIK s.r.l. v. STUDIO GRADNJA – TRGOVINA D.O.O.\nDecision date: 04/03/2008"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1902_230620","title":"CLOUT case 1902 — Court of Cassation","year":"2020","country":"Egypt","court":"Court of Cassation","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_13"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_20"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_32_1"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_36_1"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_38_2"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_39"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_40"},{"tag_type":"commodity","tag_value":"grain"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 207\nCountry: Egypt\nCourt: Court of Cassation\nCourt reference: Challenge No. 2490, Judicial Year No. 81\nParties: The Australian Wheat Board v. General Company for Silos & Storage…"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1903_271107","title":"CLOUT case 1903 — Monomeles Protodikeio Thessalonikis","year":"2007","country":"Greece","court":"Monomeles Protodikeio Thessalonikis","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_7_2"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_31"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_50"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_51_1"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_57"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_58"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_59"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_61_1_a"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_78"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 207\nCountry: Greece\nCourt: Monomeles Protodikeio Thessalonikis\nCourt reference: Case No. 43945/2007\nParties: Johnson SA v. Liviana Conti Srl\nDecision date: 27/11/2007"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1814_180417","title":"CLOUT case 1814 — Court of Appeal in Białystok","year":"2017","country":"Poland","court":"Court of Appeal in Białystok","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_8"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_12_2"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_18_2"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_35"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_45"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_74"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_18"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 198\nCountry: Poland\nCourt: Court of Appeal in Białystok\nCourt reference: I Aca 942/16\nParties: W. (German buyer) v. I. sp. z o.o. (Polish seller)\nDecision date: 18/04/2017"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1813_250117","title":"CLOUT case 1813 — Court of Appeal in Białystok","year":"2017","country":"Poland","court":"Court of Appeal in Białystok","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_8"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_29"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 198\nCountry: Poland\nCourt: Court of Appeal in Białystok\nCourt reference: I Aca 715/16\nParties: Debt collection agency v. E.B. (Polish seller)\nDecision date: 25/01/2017"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1812_020617","title":"CLOUT case 1812 — Supreme Court","year":"2017","country":"Poland","court":"Supreme Court","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_49"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_50"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_52_2"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_80"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 198\nCountry: Poland\nCourt: Supreme Court\nCourt reference: II CSK 603/16\nParties: M. (Polish seller) v. R.V. 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Ceramiche Marca Corona\nDecis…"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1714_300317","title":"CLOUT case 1714 — Rio Grande do Sul Court of Justice, 12th Commercial Division","year":"2017","country":"Brazil","court":"Rio Grande do Sul Court of Justice, 12th Commercial Division","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_4"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_7_1"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 185\nCountry: Brazil\nCourt: Rio Grande do Sul Court of Justice, 12th Commercial Division\nCourt reference: Appeal nº 70072090608 (CNJ 0419254-25.2016.8.21.7000)\nParties: Voges Met…"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1713_070314","title":"CLOUT case 1713 — Court of Cassation","year":"2014","country":"Belgium","court":"Court of Cassation","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_6"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_12"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_38"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_39"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 185\nCountry: Belgium\nCourt: Court of Cassation\nCourt reference: Judgment no. 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reference: (2009) Zhe Yong Shang Wai Chu Zi No. 232\nDecision date: 29/07/2011"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1703_200613","title":"CLOUT case 1703 — Pudong New District People’s Court, Shanghai Municipality","year":"2013","country":"China","court":"Pudong New District People’s Court, Shanghai Municipality","tags":[{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_1"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_53"},{"tag_type":"cisg_article","tag_value":"CISG_78"}],"is_demo_sample":false,"preview":"Legislative text: CISG (1980)\nCLOUT issue: 184\nCountry: China\nCourt: Pudong New District People’s Court, Shanghai Municipality\nCourt reference: (2012) Pu Min Er (Shang) Chu Zi No. S749\nDecision date: 20/06/2013"},{"case_id":"CLOUT-clout_case_1702_121213","title":"CLOUT case 1702 — Rizhao City Intermediate People’s Court, Shandong Province","year":"2013","country":"China","court":"Rizhao City Intermediate People’s Court, Shandong 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